Mit der Globalisierung erweitert sich die Auswirkung der internationalen Unternehmen, allerdings sind die Unternehmen kein völkerrechtliches Subjekt, damit sind sie weder an das Völkergewohnheitsrecht noch an die internationalen Verträge bindend.
Um diese Einschränkungen zu überwinden schließen die Staaten BITs (bilateral investment treaty/ ein anderes Word FDI : Foreign direct investment) ab, damit die Staaten für die Aktivitäten der jeweiligen Unternehmen Verantwortung nehmen. Natürlich sind diese BITs nicht ausreichend die menschenrechtlichen Probleme zu lösen. Nicht selten genießen die Prozesse über solche Fälle lacuene in law (wie Gesetzeslücke). Also sind die Bemühungen um diese Problematik notwendig.
Hinweis für BIT:
A Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) is an agreement establishing the terms and conditions for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in the state of the other. This type of investment is called Foreign direct investment (FDI). BITs are established through trade pacts.
Most BITs grant investments made by an investor of one Contracting State in the territory of the other a number of guarantees, which typically include fair and equitable treatment, protection from expropriation, free transfer of means and full protection and security. The distinctive feature of many BITs is that they allow for an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, whereby an investor whose rights under the BIT have been violated could have recourse to international arbitration, often under the auspices of the ICSID (International Center for the Resolution of Investment Disputes), rather than suing the host State in its own courts.
There are currently more that 2500 BITs in force, involving most countries in the world. Influential capital exporting states usually negotiate BITs on the basis of their own „model“ texts (such as the US model BIT).
